COVID-19: A Guide for Direct Care Workers

Endnotes

¹WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020

²WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020

³Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it

⁴AMDA Update on COVID-19: AMDA. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://paltc.org/COVID-19

⁵If You Are at Higher Risk. (2020, March 18). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/high-risk-complications.html

⁶Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). (2020, March 4). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html

⁷Q&A: Similarities and differences – COVID-19 and influenza. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-similarities-and-differences-covid-19-and-influenza

⁸Mental Health and Coping During COVID-19 (2020, March 14). Retrieved March 14, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/coping.html

⁹Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). (2020, March 16). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/prevention.html

¹⁰Coronavirus, Social Distancing and Self Quarantine. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/coronavirus-social-distancing-and-self-quarantine

¹¹Digital Communications Division. (2015, August 21). What is the difference between isolation and quarantine? Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.hhs.gov/answers/public-health-and-safety/what-is-the-difference-between-isolation-and-quarantine/index.html

¹²Interim Guidance: Home Care for 2019-nCoV. (2020, March 7). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-home-care.html

¹³New coronavirus stable for hours on surfaces. (2020, March 17). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/new-coronavirus-stable-hours-surfaces

¹⁴Clean & Disinfect. (2020, March 6). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/home/cleaning-disinfection.html

¹⁵Clean & Disinfect. (2020, March 6). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/home/cleaning-disinfection.html

¹⁶Cha, A. E. (2020, March 15). Spiking U.S. coronavirus cases could force rationing decisions similar to those made in Italy, China. Washington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/15/coronavirus-rationing-us/

¹⁷Preventing 2019-nCoV from Spreading to Others. (2020, March 6). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-prevent-spread.html#f2

¹⁸Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings. (2020, March 10). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/infection-control.html

¹⁹Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of Facemasks: COVID-19. (2020, March 17). Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/face-masks.html

²⁰Interim U.S. Guidance for Risk Assessment and Public Health Management of Healthcare Personnel with Potential Exposure in a Healthcare Setting to Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). (2020, March 7). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-risk-assesment-hcp.html

²¹Preventing 2019-nCoV from Spreading to Others. (2020, March 6). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-prevent-spread.html

²²Preventing 2019-nCoV from Spreading to Others. (2020, March 6). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-prevent-spread.html

²³What To Do if You Are Sick. (2020, March 16). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html

²⁴COVID-19: Resources for Households. (2020, March 6). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/cleaning-disinfection.html

²⁵COVID-19: Resources for Households. (2020, March 6). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/cleaning-disinfection.html

²⁶Interim Guidance for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems and 911 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) for COVID-19 in the United States. (2020, March 10). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-for-ems.html

²⁷Infection Control: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (2020, March 10). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html

²⁸Infection Control: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (2020, March 10). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html

²⁹Animals and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). (2020, March 16). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/animals.html

³⁰Mental Health and Coping During COVID-19. (2020, March 14). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/managing-stress-anxiety.html

Additional References List

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). (2020, March 12). Retrieved March 15, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and you. (2020, March). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/2019-ncov-factsheet.pdf
• Information for Healthcare Professionals: COVID-19. (2020, March 3). Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html
• Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – United States, February 12–March 16, 2020. (2020, March 18). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6912e2.htm
• Situation Summary. (2020, March 11). Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html
• State and Territorial Health Departments – STLT Gateway. (2019, July 12). Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/publichealthgateway/healthdirectories/healthdepartments.html
• Symptoms. (2020, March 14). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
• What to Do If You Are Sick (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)

• Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://www.cms.gov/medicareprovider-enrollment-and-certificationsurveycertificationgeninfopolicy-and/guidance-infection-control-and-prevention-concerning-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-home-health

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

• Disinfectants for Use Against SARS-CoV-2. (2020, March 16). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2

National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)

• Directory of Local Health Departments. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://www.naccho.org/membership/lhd-directory

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

• UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/index.html

World Health Organization

• Coronavirus. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
• Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19). (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses

News Sources

• McFall-Johnsen, M. (2020, March 17). The average coronavirus patient infects at least 2 others, suggesting the virus is far more contagious than flu. Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-contagious-r-naught-average-patient-spread-2020-3